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PL/SQL Topics

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Language Basics

Variables and Data Types Constants and %TYPE / %ROWTYPE IF and CASE Loops (Basic, WHILE, FOR)Nested Blocks and Labels GOTO and CONTINUE

String & Data Functions

SUBSTR and INSTR REPLACE and TRANSLATE TRIM, LPAD, RPAD Regular Expressions TO_CHAR, TO_DATE, TO_NUMBER NVL, NVL2, COALESCE, NULLIF

Cursors & Bulk Operations

Explicit Cursors Cursor FOR Loops Cursor Attributes (%FOUND, %ROWCOUNT)Parameterized Cursors REF Cursors (Strong vs. Weak)BULK COLLECT FORALL BULK COLLECT with LIMIT SAVE EXCEPTIONS in FORALL

Packages & Modularity

Package Spec vs. Body Procedures vs. Functions IN, OUT, IN OUT Parameters Overloading Package-Level (Global) Variables Package Initialization Blocks

Triggers

BEFORE vs. AFTER Triggers Row-Level vs. Statement-Level INSTEAD OF Triggers Compound Triggers Mutating Table Errors

Exception Handling

Predefined Exceptions User-Defined Exceptions RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR SQLCODE and SQLERRM PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT

Collections

Associative Arrays (Index-By Tables)Nested Tables VARRAYs Collection Methods (COUNT, EXISTS, DELETE, EXTEND)

SQL Integration

CTEs (WITH Clause)Scalar & Correlated Subqueries UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS MERGE Statement Analytic (Window) Functions Dynamic SQL (EXECUTE IMMEDIATE)

Advanced & Performance

Autonomous Transactions Pipelined Table Functions Object Types DBMS_OUTPUT and Debugging Invoker Rights vs. Definer Rights